Using these techniques, we are now beginning to understand the diversity of microbial species present, and their interactions with other organisms, during carrion decomposition. Bacteria are microscopic so they must be identified by phenotypic (microscopy and culturing), functional (biochemical) and genetic (sequencing) techniques. It has been difficult to determine, however, what microbes are present, their overall contribution to the decomposition process, and how they influence invertebrate attraction to, and colonization of, a carcass. Bacteria from the carcass and surrounding environment, such as soil bacteria, are essential for the decomposition of animal remains into organic matter and nutrients. Microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, largely influence the flow of energy and matter throughout an ecosystem. Microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, are also important for carrion decomposition. Key Players in Carrion DecompositionDecomposition of animal carrion is achieved primarily through the activities of invertebrates, such as flies and beetles, and large scavengers, generally other vertebrates such as opossums, raccoons, and vultures. It also enhances our abilities to identify the factors influencing decomposition rates, and to solve the forensic mysteries surrounding the unexplained deaths of animals, including humans. Carrion decomposition experiments allow us to better understand how ecosystems function so that we can more effectively manage natural environments. Many people might ask, "Why is this subject important?" Simply put, understanding carrion decomposition is important from both a basic and applied perspective. Decomposition of carrion, however, provides a unique opportunity for scientists to investigate how nutrients cycle through an ecosystem. Carrion, or the remains of dead animals, is something that most people would like to avoid - it is visually unpleasant, emits foul odors, and may be the source of numerous pathogens.
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